Composition roof covering



Feb. 17, 1942.` A RITTER 2,273,220

COMPOSITION ROOF COVERING Filed Sept. 17, 1940 3 Sheets-Shea?l l Feb.17, 1942. A. RITTER COMPOSITION ROOF .COVERING Filed Sept. 1'7, 1940 3Sheets-Sheet 2 Feb. 17, 1942. A. RWTER 2,273,220

COMPOSITION ROOF COVERING Filed Sept. 17, 1940 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 PatentedFeb. 17, .19442.

s PATENT OFFICE COMPOSITION ROOF covEmNG Alexander Ritter, Rahway, N.J., assignor to Barber Asphalt Corporation, BarberN. J., a corporationof New Jersey Application september 17,1940, serial No. 357,07r

' (ci. 10s-7).

E 8 Claims. This invention relates to a composition roof combination aslaid for the formation o'f a roof. l

The roof covering or shingle in accordance with this invention ischaracterized by a novel form and structure such that when laid incourses with other identical shingles, it will provide a vmaximum ofcoverage, will not curl at the cornv equivalent or desired material maybe used.

The individual elements or shingles will be oi covering and, moreparticularly, to composition A shingles of novelcharacteristics per seand in a form in general adapting them to be laid ac cording to theso-called Dutch lap method.

The individual elements or shingles will be characterized by a generalquadrilateral form,

with, however, the weather edge portion formed to include oiset portionsterminating at one side edge; and having the corner formed at thejuncture of the Weather edge with the'opposite side edge turned under toform a locking means The turned under ,corner may be so formed as toitself form a locking means for the shingle, or

it may serve as a support for locking means, and will be referred to ascarrying lockingmeans.

The side edges of the shingle may be perpendicular to the normal linesofthe Weather edge. or they may be formed on angular lines,k as will`appear more in detail hereinafter. f

When the individual elements or shingles are laid in combination, ltheywill respectively be nailed adjacent opposite corners respectivelyadjacent to the turned underk corner. Andl the turned under corner, ormeans supported threry.v will be engaged with an adjacent shingle in thesame course at a point adjacent to one of its securing nails, and alsowith an underlying shingle in the cent to me of its securing nails.

Having now indicated in a general way vthe nature and purpose of thisinvention, I'will proceed to a detailed description of a plurality ofembodiment thereof rwith reference tothe accompanying drawings,- inwhich:

preceding course at a point adjae Figure l is a plan view of a shingleaccording to thisv invention.

Figure 2 is a plan View of an assembly of a plurality of shingles of theform shown in Figure 1.

Figure 3 shows detail of the assembly shown in Figure 2.

Figure 4 is a plan view of a modified form oi shingle according to thisinvention.

Figure 5 is a plan view of an assembly of a plurality of shingles of theform shown in Figure 4.

Figure 6 shows a detail of the assembly shown in Figure 5.

Figure 7 is a plan View, partly broken away, of a pair of shingles ofmodified form according to this invention in assembled relation.

Figure 8 is a plan view of a portion of a strip of material with theoutline of a plurality of shingles of the form shown in Figuref'l laidout thereon and exemplifying the cutting of the shingles from a strip.

Figure 9 is a plan view of a plurality of shingles of a modiiled form inassembled relation.

Referring now more particularly to Figures l3 a indicates a ilexiblecomposition shingle having opposite parallel side edges b, b', a topedge c and a weather edge. The Weather edge comprises the portion d andoffset inwardly therefrom, on line e, the portion f, which terminates atthe side edge bi.

The corner portion of the shingle formed by the juncture of the sideedge b and the Weather edge portion d is turned under on the line h,forming a triangular tab g from material wholly within the body of theshingle. The tab g will desirably be of the form of an equilateraltriangle andl supports a locking member i. The locking membeni may beformed by a strip of metal oi a length to extend beyond the side edge band weather edge portion d; and may be secured to the corner portion g,to lie between it and the under side of the shingle a, by any convenientmeans, as, for example, prongs extending from the locking member, orrivets. l

The offset weather edge portion f is oii'set, on

from the weather edge portion d a distance about equal to the length ofthe fold ,l yline or base h of the turned under corner portion g. Inother words, the length of 4the offset line e and its angularity isabout the same asthe length fand angularity of the line h. The weatheredge portions d and f are in parallelism.

AAs has been noted, the yside edges b, b' are paralleland in 'the formshown in Figure 1 perpendicular to the weather edges d and f,respectively, Vand to the top edge. The` offset line e extends at anangle of about 45 with respect to the side edges and forms angles ofabout 225 and 135, respectively, with the weather edge portions d and f.Desirably the weather edge portions d and .f differ in length by theportion of d which forms a side of tab g when the tab is turned under.

When a plurality of shingles of the form shown in Figure 1 are laid, bythe so-called Dutch lap method, on a roof deck, the structure and effectshown in Figures 2 and 3 is obtained and in which variously i indicatesa starter course and k, k indicate successive courses formed with aplurality of shingles a.

It will be noted, more particularly by reference to Figure 3, that theshingles in courses lc are lapped with respect to one another in eachcourse v and also in adjacent courses, thef succeeding courses beingoverlapped with shingles in the next preceding course. The shingles inthe several courses are nailed as at :r: at opposite corners, which areadjacent to the turned under corner.

As the shingles are laid it will be observed by reference to Figure 3that the edge portions of the lside edge portions of shingles in eachcourse overlie or lap on adjacent shingles, while the weather portion ofshingles in successive courses overlies or laps on the upper portion ofshingles in the preceding course. The overlapping inthe courses and insuccessive courses results in the formation of a corner between anoverlapping shingle, as I, in one course and an overlapped shingle, as2. in the next succeeding course, into which the turned under tab g ofthe next shingle, as 3, in the succeeding course fits and at oncecontrols the amount of overlap of the side edge portion of shingle 3over shingle 2 and the amount of overlap of the weather edge portions ofshingle 3 over shingle I. In the f1tting of the tab y, the lockingmember i secured to the tab is extended under a weather edge porforms anedge of the tab b is perpendicular to the weather edge d.

As will be observed by inspection of Figures 5 and 6, the shingles ofFigure 4 are laid in a manner similar to those of Figure 1, the severalsimilar characteristics and the tabs performing the same functions.

In distinction from the shingles of Figure 1, however, the particularconformation 'of the edges b2 and b3 give to the finished roof adiierent appearance, without loss of their cooperative function with thetabs g due to the opposite parallel portions, which are perpendicular tothe weather edges as will be noted from an inspection of Figure 6.

Referring now to Figures 7 and 8, the shingles a" illustrated aresimilar to the shingle of Figure 1, though, if desired, they may havethe side edge conformation of the shingle shown in Figure 4, but differtherefrom in that the' tabs g are -quadrilateral with their free edges oof greater length than the fold lines h and have their end edgesextending on lines forming acute angles with the free edges to form earsq, which serve as locks in place of the locking members 'i of theshingles of Figures 1 and 4. Further tionof the overlapped shingle, as2, in the same course and under the side edge portion of the overlappedshingle, as I, in the previous course, the extensions being adjacent tothe points of nailing :n of the shingles I and 2, respectively.

It will now be noted that, by virtue of the length and angularity of theoffset line e, the relative lengths of the weather edge portions d andf' with the tab g turned under and the overlapping xed by the tab g, theshingles when laid will present a regular attern such as is presented bythe well k own hexagon strip shingle. At the same time the shingles inthe same course and in successive courses will be securely lockedtogether in addition `to being secured to the roof deck with a minimumof nailmg.

Referring now to Figures 4-6 illustrating a modification, it will benoted that the side edges b2, IJ3 of the shingle a extend in general atan angle to the top and weather edge portions and that in detail theyare formed on a plurality of lines forming in the edges respectively aplurality of angles l, m. At least one of the lines forming a portion nof one of the edges remote from the adjacent weather edge portion isperpendicular to the weather edge portion and opposite to and parallelwith a similar line forming a portion n of the other edge. 'I'he tab ais formed as in the modification shown in Figure 1, as are the offsetweather edge portions. It will be noted that the portion w of side edgeb which the tab fold lines as in the shingles of Figures 1,

difference resides in the offsetting of the upper edge in conformitywith the offsetting of the weather edge and the provision of thetriangular recess r of the same sizes as are the ears q on the tabs y'in the upper edge. 'I'he recesses r act as accurate lap guides toproperly position the shingles to be locked by the ears q on tabs g',due to the similarity in size of the recesses and ears.

Referring more particularly to Figure 8, there is shown the layout forcutting the shingles of Figure '7 from a strip S without waste, theshingles being out from a single or double width strip. From aninspection of Figure 8, it will be noted that in cutting out one of theears q of each tab y, a recess r is formed.

In 'the shingles a the offsetting and relation between offset line e andfold lines h is as in the shingles of Figures 1 and 4..

Referring to Figure 9, the shingles a'" are formed as is the shingle ofFigure 1 and differ therefrom, though their sides may be formed as inthe, shingle of Figure 4, in that their Weather edges are doubly offseton lines h, h', the oiset lines being, however, in the saine relation to4 and '7; and it being noted that but one tab y is provided at thecorner of the shingle.

What I claim and desire to protect by Letters Patent is:

1. A flexible shingle adapted to be laid by the Dutch lap methodcomprising a body having a top edge, side edges, a, weather edgecomprising portions offset on a line out of the vertical with respect tothe weather edge and a folded under tab, carrying locking means, locatedat a. corner of the shingle adjacent one of the offset portions of theweather edge, vthe fold line of the tab extending at anangle to theadjacent portion o1' the weather edge and being of about the same lengthand angularity as the line of offset between the weather portions.

2. A flexible shingle adapted to be laid by the Dutch lap" methodcomprising a body having a. top edge, side edges, a weather edgecomprising offset portions, and a folded under triangular tab carryinglocking means, located at and formed by turning under a corner of theshingle adjacent one of the offset portions forming the weather edge,and the oiset portions forming the weather edge being of differentlengths.

3. A flexible shingle adapted to be laid by the Dutch lap methodcomprising a body having a top edge, side edges, a Weather edgecomprising offset portions, and a folded under tab carrying lockingmeans, located at a corner of the shingle adjacent one of theofsetportions forming the weather edge, and the side'edges extendinggenerally on lines oblique with respect to the offset portions formingthe weather edge portions but including opposite parallel portions onlines perpendicular to the weather edge portions.

4. A flexible shingle adapted to be laid by the Dutch lap methodcomprising a body having a top edge, side edges, a weather edgecomprising portions offset on a line out of the vertical with respect tothe Weather edge, and a folded under tab carrying locking means, locatedat a corner of the shingle adjacent one of the offset portions formingthe weather edge, the fold line of the tab extending at an angle of 45to the adjacent weather edge portion.

5. A flexible shingle adapted to be laid by the Dutch lap methodcomprising a body having a top edge, side edges, a weather edgecomprising offset portions extending substantially in parallelism, and atriangular tab carrying locking means -formed by folding under a cornerportical distance between the apex and base of the f tab beingapproximately equal to the vertical Dutch lap method comprising a bodyhaving a top edge, side edges, a Weather edge comprising oiset portions,and a tab carrying locking means, said tab being formed by folding undera corner portion of the body adjacent one of the offset portions formingthe weather edge on a line extending at an angle to the portion of theweather edge adjacent to the turned under corner portion.

7. A flexible shingle adapted to be laid by the Dutch lap methodcomprising a body having a top edge, side edges, a weather edgecomprising offset portions, and a tab, said tab being formed by foldingunder a corner portion of the body adjacent one of the offset portionsforming the Weather edge on a line extending at an angle to the portionof the Weather edge adjacent to the turned under corner portion, and alocking bar secured to said tab and extending beyond the free edgesthereof in substantial parallelism with the fold line of the tab. L

8. A flexible shingle adapted to be laid by the Dutch lap methodcomprising a body having a top edge, side edges, a weather edgecomprising offset portions, and a tab, said tab being formed by foldingunder a corner portion of the body adjacent one of the offset portionsforming the weather edge on a line extending at an angle to the portionof the Weather edge adjacent to the turned under corner portion, saidtab having its'.

free edge opposite to said fold line of greater length than said foldline.

ALEXANDER RI ITLH R.

